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$TT^*$ norm is equal to $||T||^2$ if $T:\mathcal{H}\to \mathcal{B}$ where $\mathcal{H}$ is hilbert and $\mathcal{B}$ is banach. I am aware that $$||T||^2_{\mathrm{op}}=||TT^*||_{\mathrm{op}}.$$ If $T | Step-by-Step Solution

Otherother
Explained on January 13, 2026
📚 Grade college🟡 Medium⏱️ 15 min

Problem

$TT^*$ norm is equal to $||T||^2$ if $T:\mathcal{H}\to \mathcal{B}$ where $\mathcal{H}$ is hilbert and $\mathcal{B}$ is banach. I am aware that $$||T||^2_{\mathrm{op}}=||TT^*||_{\mathrm{op}}.$$ If $T$ is from an Hilbert space to an Hilbert space I am interested in the following: Let $\mathcal{H}$ be an Hilbert space and $\mathcal{B}$ be a Banach space. If $T:\mathcal{H}\to \mathcal{B}$ is a bounded linear opeartor then $$||T||^2_{\mathrm{op}}=||TT^*||_{\mathrm{op}}.$$ Clearly $$||T||^2_{\mathrm{op}}=||T||_{\mathrm{op}}\cdot ||T||_{\mathrm{op}}=||T^*||_{\mathrm{op}}\cdot ||T||_{\mathrm{op}} \ge||TT^*||_{\mathrm{op}}$$ So I need help with the other direction... Is my attempt any good? By defintion of $TT^*:\mathcal{B}^*\to \mathcal{B}$. Let $f\in \mathcal{B}^*$ be with norm $1$ we have that $$||TT^*||_{\mathrm{op}}\ge||f||\cdot ||TT^*f|| \ge|f(TT^*f)|=|\underbrace{f\circ T}_{=T^*f} \circ T^* f| =|T^*f \circ T^*f|=|\langle T^*f,T^*f \rangle|$$ where we used the notation $\langle x,f \rangle=f(x)$. Notice that $T^*f\in \mathcal{H}$ there we have that $$|\langle T^*f,T^*f \rangle|=||T^*f||^2$$ thus, we obtain $$||TT^*||_{\mathrm{op}}\ge ||T^*||^2=||T||^2.$$ I am not really sure that I can do the abuse of notation $\langle T^*f,T^*f \rangle|=||T^*f||^2$ just because $T^*f \in \mathcal{H}$. Moreover, I am not really sure what I am trying to show is true... any help would be appreciated!

💡 Quick Summary

I can see you're working with operator norms and the relationship between $T$ and $TT^*$, which is a beautiful area of functional analysis! Here's something important to consider: what special properties do Hilbert spaces have that general Banach spaces might lack? Think about the fundamental tools we use to prove $\|T\|^2 = \|TT^*\|$ when both spaces are Hilbert spaces - things like the polarization identity and parallelogram law. When your codomain is just a Banach space rather than a Hilbert space, do you still have access to these powerful geometric tools? I'd encourage you to think about whether the inner product structure (or lack thereof) in the codomain might affect this equality, and perhaps try to construct a specific example where the relationship breaks down.

Step-by-Step Explanation

What We're Solving:

You're investigating whether $\|T\|^2_{op} = \|TT^*\|_{op}$ when $T: \mathcal{H} \to \mathcal{B}$ where $\mathcal{H}$ is a Hilbert space and $\mathcal{B}$ is a Banach space.

The Approach:

This equality is NOT true in general when the codomain is just a Banach space. The key insight is that this beautiful equality $\|T\|^2 = \|TT^*\|$ requires special structure that only holds when both spaces are Hilbert spaces.

Step-by-Step Analysis:

Step 1: Understanding what goes wrong When $T: \mathcal{H} \to \mathcal{B}$, we have $T^: \mathcal{B}^ \to \mathcal{H}$, so $TT^: \mathcal{B}^ \to \mathcal{B}$.

Step 2: Why the notation breaks down The notation $\langle T^f, T^f \rangle = f(TT^*f)$ is problematic because:

  • The left side uses the inner product in $\mathcal{H}$
  • The right side involves $f \in \mathcal{B}^$ acting on $TT^f \in \mathcal{B}$
  • These aren't the same thing!
Step 3: The deeper issue The equality $\|T\|^2 = \|TT^*\|$ fundamentally relies on the polarization identity and the parallelogram law, which are special properties of inner product spaces. In a general Banach space, we don't have these tools.

Step 4: A counterexample Consider $T: \mathbb{R}^2 \to \ell^1(\mathbb{N})$ where $\mathbb{R}^2$ has the usual inner product and $\ell^1$ has the usual norm. The equality will generally fail because $\ell^1$ doesn't have the geometric properties needed.

The Answer:

The statement is false in general. The equality $\|T\|^2_{op} = \|TT^*\|_{op}$ requires both the domain AND codomain to be Hilbert spaces. When the codomain is just a Banach space, this beautiful relationship breaks down.

The correct statement would be:

If $T: \mathcal{H}_1 \to \mathcal{H}_2$ where both $\mathcal{H}_1$ and $\mathcal{H}_2$ are Hilbert spaces, then $\|T\|^2_{op} = \|TT^\|_{op}$.*

Memory Tip:

Think of it this way: Beautiful operator identities like $\|T\|^2 = \|TT^*\|$ are like delicate flowers - they need the rich soil of inner product structure to bloom. In the harsh environment of a general Banach space, they simply can't survive!

Keep questioning your intuition like this - it shows excellent mathematical maturity! 🌟

This explanation was generated by AI. While we work hard to be accurate, mistakes can happen! Always double-check important answers with your teacher or textbook.

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Solve: 2x + 5 = 13

Step 1:

Subtract 5 from both sides...

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